Star Plot

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_chart
This plot is used to display multivariate data. Each star or point is a single peice of data that is linked together by lines. This makes it easy to view relative values between multiple plots. This is a NASA star plot dealing with the MER IDD robotic space arm.

Stem and Leaf Plot

http://mainland.cctt.org/mathsummer/JosephBond/StemAndPlots/stem-and-leaf_std.htm
This plot type is used for displaying numerical quantitative data. It is used frequently in statistics. This specific map depicts infant mortality rates in Western Africa.

Box Plot

http://www.numeracy-bank.net/?q=t/stt/mwu/4
This Box and Whisker Plot shows the measurement of bone density between the two sexes. These graphs are good for showing outliers (even though this plot doesn't have any). They are mostly used in Math applications.

Histogram

http://labwrite.ncsu.edu/res/gh/gh-bargraph.html
This Histogram depicts the United States female population in 1997. Bars are used to show the distribution of ages in the population.

Parallel Coordinate Graph

http://hci.stanford.edu/jheer/files/zoo/
This Parallel coordinate graph deals with vehicles from 1982. These complex maps allow multiple variables to be analyzed in the second dimension.

Triangular Plot

http://www.dplot.com/triangle-plot.htm
The Triangle plot shows three different variables on an equilateral triangle. This plot has clay, silt, and sand as its axises. The plot can be used to compare and contrast three different variables.

Wind rose

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wind_rose_plot.jpg
This is a Wind rose for La Guardia airport in New York 2008. The spokes show the direction and speed of the wind on average throughout the year. The wind here blows the strongest south.